在冶金企业“学邯钢、降成本、促扭亏、增效益”工作会议上的总结

在冶金企业＂学邯钢、降成本、促扭亏、增效益＂工作会议上的总结冶金部经济调节司司长单亦和冶金企业＂学邯钢、降成本、促扭亏、效益＂工作会议就要结束了。会议期间，殷瑞钰副部长作了题为《学习邯钢经验，实现扭亏增盈，全面提高冶金企业经济效益》的重要讲话，分析了...     

Developing and assessing critical thinking skills in marketing students: The power of making explicit problem-solving processes

Applied research is a course that has been taught to develop and effectively assess critical thinking skills in marketing students. A modified version of the problem-solving model using explicit problem-solving processes is employed in the design of course material and delivery. Assessment data support students’ ability to critically think at both lower and higher levels. Assignments include creative and timely experiential exercises to reinforce important marketing concepts, encourage student interest, and develop critical thinking skills.     

领导企业治理下创新生态系统演进路径研究

关于创新生态系统参与主体风险冲突及治理的研究,目前只停留在风险产生原因及应对策略方面,主要侧重于静态视角,鲜有文献从创新生态系统演进过程动态视角,并结合创新生态系统驱动主体领导企业考察风险防范和治理问题,而后者对于创新生态系统可持续发展更为重要。构建了领导企业治理的创新生态系统由契约规则到关系规则演化路径分析框架,并以比亚迪新能源汽车创新生态系统为案例进行实证研究。从创新生态系统形成初期领导企业主导的契约治理到成熟阶段关系治理是一个连续不间断的演化过程,基于领导企业治理的创新生态系统演化路径,包含契约规则主导的协同创新到契约规则向关系规则转换的创新网络形成再到由关系规则主导的开放式创新3个阶段,该过程以领导企业借助创新生态系统规范化设计完成整个创新生态系统互动、协同为主要形式。治理重点从企业间契约治理向领导企业主导的对整个创新生态系统关系治理转移,契约治理则转化为由领导企业主导以网络化设计为基础的关系互动和协同治理。     

Multiple student learning objectives in basic business statistics: Strategies,assessment, and recommendations

The basic business statistics course is ideal for incorporating multiple objectives related to program learning goals common at most business schools. Along with quantitative reasoning skills, activities are described that allow the measurement of student outcomes related to oral communication and ethics. Strategies include the hidden curriculum approach, term projects involving real data, class presentations, and an emphasis on the ethical use of statistics. These approaches are implemented across multiple sections over multiple semesters, illustrating the untapped potential of this course for achieving multiple learning goals as well as how results can be used to refine assessment methods and improve instruction.     

卫生技术经济性评估指标探讨

通过不同卫生技术经济性评估方法的比较研究,探讨不同卫生技术经济性评估指标具体适用情况。方法:本文阐述卫生技术经济性评估的基本概念和评价原理,对几种常用的卫生技术经济性评估指标进行对比分析。结论:认为应以质量调整寿命年为主要指标结合不同技术特点及临床数据来源进行卫生技术经济评估指标的选择。     

Rural-urban gradient analysis of ecosystem services supply and demand dynamics

Urban regions are important places of ecosystem service demands and, at the same time, are the primary source of global environmental impacts. Although there is broad agreement on the importance of incorporating the concept of ecosystem services into policy strategies and decision-making, the lack of a standardized approach to quantifying ecosystem services at the landscape scale has hindered progress in this direction. Moreover, tradeoffs between ecosystem services and the supply/demand ratio of ecosystem services in urban landscapes have rarely been investigated. In our paper, we present a method to quantify and map the supply and demand of three essential provisioning services - energy, food, and water - along the rural-urban gradient of the eastern German region Leipzig-Halle. This urban region has experienced significant socio-economic dynamics and land use changes since the German reunification in 1990. The results show that both the demand and the supply of ecosystem services changed considerably during the time span under consideration (1990-2007). We identified an increasing supply/demand ratio of food and water but a decreasing supply/demand ratio of energy. In addition, the pattern of ecosystem demands shows a levelling of rural-urban gradients, reflecting profound modifications of traditional rural-urban relationships. The changes of ecosystem service supply gradients are determined more by land use intensity, such as the intensification of agricultural production, than by land cover changes such as urban sprawl. The comparison of supply/demand ratios and rural-urban patterns of ecosystem services can help decision-makers in landscape management in striving for a sustainable balance between resource supply and demand.     

Encouraging collaboration for the provision of ecosystem services at a landscape scale—Rethinking agri-environmental payments

In this viewpoint we draw on insights from participatory agri-environmental policy making, spatial planning and collaborative approaches to environmental management. We propose steps for planning, design and implementation of agri-environmental payment schemes that will encourage collaboration and co-ordinated actions at a landscape scale to contribute more effectively to the continued provision of ecosystem services.     

基于模糊综合评价模型的森林生态旅游项目风险研究——以山西禹王洞森林公园为例

从系统性出发,指出森林生态旅游项目经营开发中面临两大类风险:内部风险和外部风险,运用模糊隶属函数定量描述不同风险因子风险等级,通过构建模糊综合评价模型分析其内部风险和外部风险水平,进一步研究指出其主要风险因子,提出应根据不同风险具体情况采取有针对性的风险控制措施。最后以山西禹王洞森林公园为例进行了实例研究。     

FARMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO COOPERATE IN ECOSYSTEM SERVICE PROVISION: DOES TRUST MATTER?

Ecosystem service provision in agriculture may require cooperation between farmers. Trust fosters cooperation in many economic and social interactions and is important to the success of traditional agricultural cooperatives. Little is known about how trust affects farmers’ willingness to cooperate to provide an ecosystem service, what types of trust are most important, and under what conditions trust may matter. In this study, we present results of a survey of Missouri crop farmers exploring the role trust plays in farmers’ stated willingness to cooperate to control pests. We find that most farmers say they are willing to cooperate, and most farmers are willing to trust others. However, we find little evidence that trust positively influences farmers’ willingness to cooperate to control pests. Instead, we find that trust may only matter under certain conditions, such as when participants’ farms are dissimilar, and that other determinants, such as the perceived benefit of cooperation and environmental concern, are more important than trust to farmers who are contemplating cooperation to control pests.     

科技服务业创新生态系统价值共创模式与协作机制研究

科技服务业创新生态系统价值共创模式是一种新型商业模式。为了解其价值共创的具体运行逻辑,保障价值共创的持续性,基于科技服务业创新生态系统概念、特征与要素构成,深入分析科技服务业创新生态系统价值共创模式,设计基于价值共创的科技服务业创新生态系统协作机制,为科技服务业创新生态系统实践发展提供理论指导。